India vs Pakistan: A 2025 Comparison Amid Ongoing Tensions

 


India vs Pakistan: A 2025 Comparison Amid Ongoing Tensions


Tensions between India and Pakistan have been a defining feature of South Asian geopolitics since the two nations gained independence in 1947. As of 2025, both countries are once again experiencing heightened military activity along the Line of Control (LoC), reigniting concerns of a full-scale conflict. While diplomacy remains a hopeful solution, it’s crucial to examine the current defense capabilities of both nations, especially in the air force domain, to understand what a potential confrontation might look like.


1. Defense Budget & Strategic Vision

• India:

• Defense Budget (2024–25): Approximately $75 billion

• India is the third-largest military spender in the world after the US and China.

• Emphasizes modernization and self-reliance under its “Make in India” defense program.

• Pakistan:

• Defense Budget (2024–25): Approximately $11 billion

• Heavily reliant on military aid from allies, particularly China and Saudi Arabia.

• Focuses more on asymmetric warfare, nuclear deterrence, and maintaining a credible minimum defense.


2. Manpower & Ground Forces

• India:

• Active Personnel: 1.45 million

• Reserve: 1.15 million

• A vast army with advanced infantry, mechanized forces, and missile regiments.

• Pakistan:

• Active Personnel: 660,000

• Reserve: 550,000

• Smaller in size but highly professional and experienced in both conventional and irregular warfare.


3. Air Force Capabilities


Indian Air Force (IAF)

• Total Aircraft: 2,200+

• Fighter Jets:

• Rafale (France): 36 units – 4.5-gen multirole fighter with superior radar and weaponry.

• Sukhoi Su-30MKI (Russia/India): ~270 units – air superiority fighter.

• Tejas LCA (India): Indigenous light combat aircraft.

• Mirage 2000, MiG-29, Jaguar – legacy aircraft still in operation.

• AEW&C: Netra, Phalcon – advanced radar systems.

• Missile Systems: BrahMos, Astra, and indigenous air-to-air systems.

• Drones: Heron, Rustom, and new investments in combat drones.


Pakistan Air Force (PAF)

• Total Aircraft: 900+

• Fighter Jets:

• JF-17 Thunder (China-Pakistan): Backbone of PAF; multirole, cost-effective.

• F-16 Fighting Falcon (USA): 70+ units – key high-performance aircraft.

• Mirage III/V, J-10C (China) – modern additions with advanced AESA radar.

• AEW&C: Saab 2000 Erieye, ZDK-03

• Missile Systems: Ra’ad cruise missile, air-launched nuclear capability.

• Drones: Bayraktar TB2, Wing Loong II – improving surveillance and strike capability.


4. Naval Power

• India:

• Aircraft Carriers: 2 (INS Vikramaditya, INS Vikrant)

• Submarines: 17+ (including nuclear subs like INS Arihant)

• Focused on blue-water navy capabilities.

• Pakistan:

• Submarines: 8 (Chinese assistance in modernization)

• Surface Vessels: 10 major combat ships• A brown-water navy with regional defense focus, upgrading with Chinese help.


5. Nuclear Capabilities

• India:

• Maintains a no-first-use (NFU) policy.

• Delivery systems: Agni series missiles, aircraft-based, and submarine-launched.

• Estimated Warheads: 160–170

• Pakistan:

• Does not adhere to NFU

• Emphasizes tactical nuclear weapons (TNWs) as part of deterrence.

• Estimated Warheads: 165–175


6. Global Alliances and Strategic Influence

• India:• Member of Quad (with US, Japan, Australia)

• Close ties with France, Russia, and Israel

• Increasing defense ties with the US

• Pakistan:

• Strong defense cooperation with China, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia

• Historically linked with the US, though relationship has cooled in recent years.


7. Technology & Modernization

• India is investing in 5th-gen fighters (AMCA), cyber warfare, and AI-driven defense systems.

• Pakistan is focusing on upgrading the JF-17 platform, acquiring stealth drones, and cyber capabilities, often with Chinese support.




Final Thoughts


While both nations possess formidable military strength, India has a significant edge in terms of budget, air force modernization, and global alliances. Pakistan, however, remains a highly disciplined and nuclear-capable state with strategic depth and asymmetric tactics.


The cost of war for both nations—economically, politically, and in human lives—would be catastrophic. As military buildups continue in 2025, global powers must intensify diplomatic efforts to prevent escalation. Dialogue, not dogfights, should be the goal for the both sides.

Location: India

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